The occasion

Public holiday

Statutory fixed by statute or decree in most jurisdictions

A day fixed by law on which normal work is suspended — though what closes varies.


Often confused with bank holiday observance rest day

A public holiday is a dated occasion on which a jurisdiction suspends normal working, fixed by statute, decree or proclamation. It is the most familiar term here and the least precise, because what a public holiday actually closes differs everywhere.

In some places it closes almost everything. In others it binds the public sector and leaves private employers to choose. In others again it is a paid day whose observance is negotiated in a collective agreement rather than fixed in law.

The corpus records what a day does rather than what it is called, because the label travels badly and the effect does not. A day that closes banks and nothing else is a different operational fact from one that closes the whole economy, whatever either is named locally.

What it means where

JurisdictionMeaning
IEThe governing statutory term, under the Organisation of Working Time Act 1997.
GBUsed colloquially; the statutory term is bank holiday.
INSplit into gazetted and restricted holidays, the second of which an employee elects.

Public holiday vs bank holiday

A bank holiday closes banks specifically. A public holiday need not, and in several jurisdictions does not.

Public holiday vs observance

An observance is marked. A public holiday suspends work. Many observances close nothing at all.

Public holiday vs rest day

A public holiday is dated and annual. A rest day recurs every week.

See also bank holiday · observance · rest day · substitution · optional holiday

We hold this as operational_status: closed_general. See what we hold.